Scientists Warn Carbon Storage Could Trigger Earthquakes

Oklahoma’s Past Offers a Warning

Scientists say Oklahoma’s history with induced earthquakes offers lessons for the next wave of energy technology — carbon capture and storage.

For years, the injection of oil and gas drilling wastewater deep underground was linked to a spike in damaging quakes across central Oklahoma. At the height of that activity around 2015, the state averaged two to three earthquakes a day, some large enough to damage homes in places like Prague, Edmond, and Pawnee.

Carbon Storage Brings Similar Concerns

Now, researchers warn that injecting captured carbon dioxide underground — part of federal climate and energy initiatives — could pose similar seismic risks if not managed carefully.

The process involves compressing carbon into a supercritical fluid and pumping it into deep rock formations for long-term storage. Studies from across the central U.S. show that depending on the geology, that pressure can re-activate old fault lines and potentially trigger earthquakes.

Monitoring the Risk

Oklahoma still averages about 30 small quakes each week, most too weak to feel, but experts say the subsurface remains sensitive from years of wastewater injection. Geologists with the Oklahoma Geological Survey and federal researchers are now mapping which formations might safely store carbon without repeating the same mistakes.

Future of Carbon Projects in the State

Energy developers say carbon capture remains an important tool to cut emissions while maintaining Oklahoma’s energy leadership. But scientists stress that any projects must include real-time seismic monitoring and limit pressure on injection wells to avoid destabilizing underground faults.

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